1. Initialization reset method: In general, if a system alarm is caused by an instantaneous fault, hardware reset or switching on the system power supply can be used to sequentially diagnose the fault. If the working storage area of the system is in chaos due to power failure, unplugging or unplugging circuit boards, or undervoltage of the battery, the system must be initialized. Before initialization, attention should be paid to copying and recording the data. If the fault cannot be eliminated after initialization, hardware diagnosis should be carried out.
2. Parameter change, program correction method: System parameters are the basis for determining system functions, and incorrect parameter settings may cause system malfunctions or ineffective functions. Sometimes, user program errors can also cause malfunctions and shutdowns. To address this, the system’s block search function can be used to check and correct all errors to ensure their normal operation.
3. Adjustment is a simple and easy method to implement. Correct system faults by adjusting the potentiometer.
When the spindle of a CNC machine tool for turning and milling occurs belt slippage during startup and braking, the reason is that the spindle load torque is large, and the inclined lifting time of the driving device is set too small, which is adjusted to be normal. The servo system consists of two main parts: the driving device and the executing mechanism.
]]>Turning and milling composite machine tool is an advanced cutting method that uses the combined motion of milling cutter rotation and workpiece rotation to complete the cutting process of the workpiece, so as to meet the requirements of shape accuracy, position accuracy, and machined surface integrity of the workpiece. The turning and milling composite machine tool is not simply combining the two processing methods of turning and milling into one machine tool, but uses turning and milling composite motion to complete various surface processing. It has the following characteristics:
1. High precision: avoids human error and machine tool errors caused by scattered processes;
2. Rate: Effectively reducing production preparation time and improving machine tool utilization rate;
3. Cost reduction: It can achieve dual spindle operation simultaneously, reduce the number of machine tools, making it easier to plan production, saving investment costs and workshop space.
The motion of a turning milling composite machine tool includes four basic movements: milling cutter rotation, workpiece rotation, milling cutter axial feed, and radial feed.
According to the different relative positions of the workpiece rotation axis and the tool rotation axis, turning and milling composite machine tools can be mainly divided into axial turning and milling, orthogonal turning and milling, and general turning and milling. Among them, axial turning and orthogonal turning and milling are two widely used types of turning and milling. Due to the parallel rotation axis between the milling cutter and the workpiece, axial turning and milling can not only process the outer cylindrical surface, but also the internal control surface energy. Due to the perpendicular rotation axis between the milling cutter and the workpiece, orthogonal turning and milling cannot process the internal control when the inner hole diameter is small. However, when processing the surface of the outer cylinder, the longitudinal stroke of the milling cutter is not limited and a larger longitudinal feed can be used. Therefore, the efficiency is higher when processing the surface of the outer cylinder.
]]>2. Good adaptability and flexibility
Due to the use of CNC machining program control, CNC turning and milling composite machine tools can achieve automated machining of new parts as long as the CNC machining program is changed when the machining parts are changed. Therefore, they can adapt to the requirements of continuous product updates in the current market competition and solve the automation problem of multi variety, single piece, and small batch production. Meet the processing needs of complex shaped and surface parts in manufacturing sectors such as aircraft, automobiles, shipbuilding, power equipment, and defense and military industry.
3. High production efficiency
The feed motion and most main movements of CNC turning and milling composite machine tools adopt stepless speed regulation, and the speed regulation range is large, allowing for the selection of reasonable cutting and feed speeds; Online inspection can be carried out to avoid downtime during CNC machining; Automatic tool changing and automatic workbench exchange can be used to reduce tool changing time; Processing can be carried out simultaneously for workpiece loading and unloading, and a single clamping can achieve multi face and multi process processing, reducing auxiliary time such as workpiece clamping and tool alignment; Centralized CNC machining processes can reduce part turnover time. Therefore, the productivity of CNC machining is relatively high, with general parts being 3-4 times higher, and complex parts being tens or even tens of times higher.
4. Beneficial for modern production and management
The use of CNC turning and milling composite machine tools can facilitate and accurately calculate the processing time of parts, accurately calculate production and processing costs, and is conducive to scientific and information management of the production process. CNC machine tools are the foundation of advanced manufacturing systems such as DNC, FMS, and CIMS, facilitating the integration of manufacturing systems.
5. High technical requirements for use and maintenance
CNC turning and milling composite machine tools are products that integrate multiple disciplines and new technologies. The price of machine tools is high, and the one-time investment in equipment is large. Correspondingly, the operation and maintenance requirements of machine tools are high. Therefore, in order to ensure the comprehensive economic benefits of CNC machining, it is required that the users and maintenance personnel of the machine tool should have high professional qualities.
6. Low labor intensity and good working conditions
The operator of CNC turning and milling composite machine tools generally only needs to load and unload parts, replace tools, and use the operation panel to control the automatic processing of the machine tool, without the need for complex and repetitive manual operations, so the labor intensity can be greatly reduced.
High efficiency CNC lathes are the introduction of computers on the basis of ordinary lathes, which use computers to control the operation of machine tools, achieve mechatronics integration, and further improve the operating accuracy of machine tools. At the same time, multi axis linkage is achieved to complete the processing of complex workpieces. CNC lathes have gradually occupied an important position in the manufacturing industry with their five major advantages. So what are the factors that affect the efficiency of high-efficiency CNC lathes?
1. The application level of CNC machine tools is not high
CNC machining has been in use for a long time in China’s manufacturing industry. Although there are strict operating standards and good maintenance of CNC machine tools, the loss of accuracy itself is inevitable. In order to control the processing quality of products, we regularly inspect and repair CNC equipment, clarify the processing accuracy of each equipment, and clarify the processing tasks of each equipment. For parts processing factories that produce in large quantities, high-efficiency CNC lathes should strictly distinguish the use of rough and precision machining equipment, because rough machining pursues high speed, high removal rate, and low machining accuracy, while precision machining is the opposite, requiring high machining accuracy. However, the precision damage to equipment during rough machining is serious. Therefore, we designate equipment with a long service life and poor accuracy as specialized rough machining equipment, and new equipment and equipment with good accuracy as precision machining equipment, achieving a reasonable allocation of existing equipment resources and clear division of labor, reducing the impact of machine tools on machining quality, while protecting expensive CNC equipment and extending its lifespan.
2. The unreasonable use of CNC lathes for batch production, especially in large-scale production, requires improving machining efficiency and ensuring the stability of the machining process while ensuring machining quality, which is the basis for achieving good economic benefits. Choosing a simple tool change method during batch machining of CNC turning is an effective way to reduce tool change assistance time, reduce machine wear, and lower machining costs. Improving the tool change point setting is one of the effective attempts to achieve this goal. Therefore, in terms of fixture selection, tool routing arrangement, tool arrangement position, and usage sequence, it is necessary to conduct detailed analysis and optimization design, improve tool change point settings, reduce operating costs, and improve machining efficiency.
3. Weak programming skills
The efficiency of the program directly affects the work efficiency of the machine tool, so optimizing programming quality is an important method to improve the work efficiency of high-efficiency CNC lathes. Firstly, familiarize oneself with the instructions of the machine tool, fully develop the internal functions of the machine tool, and seek efficient programming and machining methods. Secondly, vigorously promote computer programming, strengthen computer cutting simulation, improve program reliability, and thus reduce or cancel the time spent debugging programs on CNC milling machines.
CNC lathe manufacturers have been widely used in today’s mechanical manufacturing industry, creating significant economic benefits for companies and society. The accuracy of mechanical products directly affects their operational functions, while the precision control of CNC lathes directly affects the accuracy of the processed mechanical products. With the development of the mechanical manufacturing industry, the demand for precision of mechanical products is increasing, and correspondingly, higher demands have been put forward for the machining accuracy of CNC lathes. As for a typical CNC lathe, its machining accuracy is generally determined by four parts: the accuracy of the lathe’s own manufacturing; CNC programming accuracy; Lathe servo system accuracy; The accuracy of the interpolation process. CNC lathe manufacturers refer to necessary auxiliary organizations in the production process to ensure the smooth completion of cutting operations. The primary functions include spraying organization, chip removal organization, CNC turntable, monitoring and inspection organization, and cooling, chip removal, lighting, smoothness, etc.
]]>Turning and milling composite machining machine tools are rapidly developing and widely used CNC equipment in the field of composite machining machines. For high-speed precision turning and milling composite CNC machine tools, the spindle system is an electric spindle structure, and the machining accuracy of the machine tool largely depends on the accuracy of the electric spindle system, and is affected by the position accuracy of the tool holder and the dynamic performance of the machine tool. Therefore, in the manufacturing and assembly process of turning and milling composite machine tools, how to improve the accuracy of the electric spindle system, improve the position accuracy of the tool holder, and improve the overall dynamic performance of the machine tool is the key to machine tool design. This article analyzes the factors that affect the machining accuracy of turning and milling composite machine tools from the following aspects, and proposes corresponding solutions.
1、 The accuracy of the electric spindle system
1. The indexing accuracy and accurate stopping accuracy of the electric spindle system
The indexing accuracy and accurate stopping accuracy of the electric spindle system of the turning and milling composite machining machine tool are important indicators for evaluating the spindle accuracy of the machine tool, and are important factors affecting the machining accuracy of the machine tool. In order to achieve high indexing accuracy and accurate stopping accuracy of the electric spindle system, CNC turning and milling composite machining centers internationally all use a built-in spindle type motor, which is assembled with the motor rotor to reduce the impact of intermediate transmission links on the spindle accuracy. During operation, the rotation of the motor rotor drives the spindle to rotate. The speed and position loops of the spindle rotation adopt high-precision feedback components to achieve full closed-loop control. The position signals collected by the feedback components are divided and processed by the CNC system, resulting in a spindle indexing resolution of 0.001 ° or less, thereby making the machine tool spindle system have high indexing accuracy and accurate stopping accuracy.
2、 Rotation accuracy of electric spindle system
The CNC turning and milling composite machining center is a high-precision machining machine tool, and the spindle group is a key component. The rotational accuracy of the spindle group directly affects the accuracy of the processed workpiece.
To ensure high rotational accuracy of the spindle group, a series of process measures have been taken in the electric spindle system, including the connection between the spindle and the motor rotor, the fit between the stator sleeve and the spindle box, and the fit between the two ends of the spindle and the bearing group
1. Before assembling the electric spindle, ensure the accuracy of the spindle box hole, and ensure that the roundness, dimensional tolerance, and coaxiality of the front and rear bearing holes of the hole are within the required range; The radial runout of the spindle journal, the coaxiality of the front and rear journals, and the radial runout and end face runout tolerances of the spindle end are all controlled within 0.002mm.
2. During assembly, grind the spindle housing hole according to the size of the outer ring of the bearing, and strictly control the fit tolerance with the outer ring of the bearing within the specified range; The motor rotor of the electric spindle adopts special assembly techniques with the spindle.
]]>Six point positioning of workpieces in CNC lathes: The workpiece has six degrees of freedom in space, namely the movement freedom along the x, y, and z right angle coordinate axes and the rolling freedom around these three coordinate axes. Therefore, in order to fully confirm the orientation of the workpiece, it is necessary to eliminate these six degrees of freedom. Usually, six support points (i.e. positioning elements) are used to constrain the key six degrees of freedom, where each support point constrains the corresponding degree of freedom. In the y plane, three support points that are not on the same line constrain the workpiece’s king and three degrees of freedom, which are called the main reference plane; The two support points placed along the length direction on the plane constrain the workpiece to hold two degrees of freedom, and this plane is called the guiding plane; The workpiece of the rolling machine is constrained by a support point on the xoz plane, with one degree of freedom, and this plane is called the stopping plane.
We need to pay attention that before clamping the workpiece on the CNC lathe, the operator needs to first remove impurities such as sand and mud from the workpiece to prevent impurities from getting stuck in the sliding surface of the drag plate, increasing the wear of the guide rail or “biting” the guide rail. When clamping and correcting workpieces with large dimensions, complex shapes, and small clamping areas on a CNC lathe, a wooden bed cover should be placed on the machine bed surface below the workpiece in advance. Together, a pressure plate or a movable top pin should be used to hold the workpiece to prevent it from falling and damaging the machine tool. If the orientation of the workpiece is found to be incorrect or skewed, it is necessary to avoid forceful tapping to prevent affecting the accuracy of the machine spindle. It is necessary to first release the clamping jaws, pressure plates, or top pins slightly, and then carry out step-by-step correction.
]]>High speed steel end mills are mostly used for machining protrusions and grooves, and are generally not used for machining rough surfaces – because the hardened layer and sand inclusions on the rough surface can accelerate tool wear.
When processing rough surfaces or rough holes, end mills or corn milling cutters with cemented carbide inserts can be selected for strong cutting.
When processing the peripheral contour of flat workpieces, end mills C are often used.
In order to improve the precision of groove width and reduce the number of tool changes, a milling cutter with a diameter 7 wider than the groove can be used during processing. First, the middle part of the groove is milled, and then the tool radius compensation function is used to mill both sides of the groove.
When processing three-dimensional curved surfaces or variable bevel contour shapes, ball end milling cutters, circular milling cutters, drum milling cutters, conical milling cutters, disc milling cutters, etc. are often used.
When the machining allowance is small and the surface roughness requirement is high, surface milling cutters with cubic boron nitride or ceramic inserts can be selected to enable high-speed cutting of the machine tool.
]]>Firstly, in order to choose a good manufacturer of turning and milling composite lathes, it is necessary to ensure that the qualifications are complete. Qualification is particularly important in the machine tool and lathe industry. If a company does not have a qualification certificate, it indicates that the company cannot have sufficient capability to complete this project. Therefore, a company’s qualifications are a powerful proof of its strength.
Secondly, to choose a good manufacturer of turning and milling composite lathes, it is necessary to conduct a second check: technological strength. Scientific and technological strength is the strength of a company, and speaking with technology is the hard truth. If a company has strong technical capabilities, it can ensure the smooth completion of their various projects, allowing customers to use with confidence and avoiding potential harm in the later stage. Therefore, technological strength is an important reason why customers are willing to choose a company.
Furthermore, to choose a good manufacturer of turning and milling compound lathes, it is necessary to understand three aspects: whether the service is adequate. In the machine tool and lathe industry, service may be something many companies lack. Based on the development of technology and practical needs, update existing systems and regulations to keep up with the times.
Zhejiang Zhiheng Machine Tool Co., Ltd., established in 2006, is a high-tech enterprise that fills the domestic gap by applying electric spindles to CNC lathes. It is a benchmark manufacturer of electric spindle turning and milling composite machine tools in China and integrates research and development, production, sales, and service. We integrate and optimize processes to reduce subsequent secondary clamping, equipment, personnel, and manufacturing processes, providing customers with a comprehensive solution that combines electric spindle turning, milling, drilling, boring, and grinding processes. After years of unremitting efforts, we currently have advanced working machines in the industry, independent research and design capabilities, independent manufacturing of core functional components, and comprehensive turnkey engineering capabilities.
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